{"id":2888,"date":"2021-03-12T11:47:33","date_gmt":"2021-03-12T10:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lexisma.info\/?p=2888"},"modified":"2021-03-12T11:47:33","modified_gmt":"2021-03-12T10:47:33","slug":"jurisprudence-une-decision-administrative-de-fermeture-prise-en-application-de-la-loi-sur-letat-durgence-sanitaire-justifie-la-suspension-du-contrat-et-exonere-le-gerant-libre-du-p","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.pagelt.com\/lexisma2026\/jurisprudence-une-decision-administrative-de-fermeture-prise-en-application-de-la-loi-sur-letat-durgence-sanitaire-justifie-la-suspension-du-contrat-et-exonere-le-gerant-libre-du-p\/","title":{"rendered":"Jurisprudence : une d\u00e9cision administrative de fermeture prise en application de la loi sur l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019urgence sanitaire justifie la suspension du contrat et exon\u00e8re le g\u00e9rant libre du paiement des redevances pour la p\u00e9riode de fermeture d\u00e9cid\u00e9e par les autorit\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Le tribunal de commerce de Mekn\u00e8s a rendu, le 10 novembre 2020, une d\u00e9cision relative \u00e0 l\u2019incidence, sur un contrat de g\u00e9rance-libre de fonds de commerce, de la d\u00e9cision administrative de fermeture de certains \u00e9tablissements prise en application du\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexisma.com\/borm\/2020\/6870\/2-20-292_27\">d\u00e9cret-loi n\u00b0 2-20-292 du 23 mars 2020<\/a>\u00a0relatif \u00e0 la d\u00e9claration de l&#8217;\u00e9tat d&#8217;urgence sanitaire (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexisma.com\/jurisprudence\/maroc\/tribunalCommerceMeknes\/2020\/11-10_8201_2020_723_448\">T. com. Mekn\u00e8s, 10 nov. 2020, d\u00e9c. n\u00b0 448, doss. n\u00b0 8201\/2020\/723<\/a>).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, le propri\u00e9taire du fonds de commerce demandait le paiement des redevances dues (montant proportionnel aux r\u00e9sultats) par le g\u00e9rant libre en contrepartie de l\u2019exploitation du fonds de commerce pour la p\u00e9riode allant du 16 mars 2020 au 10 septembre de la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les juges ont d\u00e9bout\u00e9 en partie le demandeur, en refusant la demande de paiement pour la p\u00e9riode allant du 16 mars 2020 \u00e0 fin juillet 2020, et en la recevant pour la p\u00e9riode allant du 1er ao\u00fbt au 10 septembre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le tribunal a motiv\u00e9 sa d\u00e9cision par r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019article 338 du Dahir des obligations et des contrats (DOC), en pr\u00e9cisant que pendant la premi\u00e8re p\u00e9riode sus-indiqu\u00e9e (du 16 mars \u00e0 fin juillet 2020), le commerce \u00e9tait ferm\u00e9 pour un \u00e9v\u00e8nement ind\u00e9pendant de la volont\u00e9 du d\u00e9biteur, \u00e0 savoir la d\u00e9cision administrative de fermeture prise par les autorit\u00e9s en application du d\u00e9cret-loi relatif \u00e0 la d\u00e9claration de l&#8217;\u00e9tat d&#8217;urgence sanitaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9sente un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elle fait opportun\u00e9ment application de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexisma.com\/legislation\/maroc\/1913\/codeObligationsContrats\/index.html#VnVQLhpmvpg8um6VWxgxmi\">article 338 du DOC<\/a>, selon lequel \u00ab&nbsp;<em>lorsque l&#8217;inex\u00e9cution de l&#8217;obligation provient d&#8217;une cause ind\u00e9pendante de la volont\u00e9 des deux contractants, et sans que le d\u00e9biteur soit en demeure, le d\u00e9biteur est lib\u00e9r\u00e9, mais n&#8217;a plus le droit de demander la prestation qui serait due par l&#8217;autre partie&nbsp;<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les dispositions ci-dessus, en effet, ont une port\u00e9e somme toute large dans la mesure o\u00f9 elles couvrent aussi bien les situations dans lesquelles l\u2019ex\u00e9cution devient d\u00e9finitivement et absolument impossible que celles dans lesquelles ladite ex\u00e9cution est seulement provisoirement et\/ou relativement impossible, ce qui \u00e9tait le cas en l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, s\u2019agissant d\u2019une fermeture obligatoire provisoire du commerce et de l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de payer, qui est une impossibilit\u00e9 relative et non absolue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tel n\u2019est pas le cas d\u2019autres dispositions du DOC, bien plus souvent appliqu\u00e9es par les tribunaux et invoqu\u00e9es par les justiciables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il en est ainsi des dispositions consacr\u00e9es par l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexisma.com\/legislation\/maroc\/1913\/codeObligationsContrats\/index.html#Ryk15ZuNDGyGgiFMbbqhg\">article 335 du DOC<\/a>, lequel, en disposant que \u00ab&nbsp;<em>l&#8217;obligation s&#8217;\u00e9teint lorsque, depuis qu&#8217;elle est n\u00e9e, la prestation qui en fait l&#8217;objet est devenue impossible, naturellement ou juridiquement\u2026<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb, vise l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se o\u00f9 l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 est \u00e0 la fois absolue et d\u00e9finitive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019invocation de cet article serait de ce fait peu adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 la situation de pand\u00e9mie actuelle et des mesures y aff\u00e9rentes, qui sont \u2013 fort heureusement \u2013 provisoires d\u2019une part, et qui rendent difficile (et non point impossible) aussi bien l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des obligations en nature que des obligations en num\u00e9raire d\u2019autre part.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il en est de m\u00eame de celles pr\u00e9vues par l\u2019article 268 du m\u00eame texte lesquelles, en pr\u00e9cisant qu\u2019 \u00ab&nbsp;<em>il n&#8217;y a lieu \u00e0 aucun dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats, lorsque le d\u00e9biteur justifie que l&#8217;ex\u00e9cution ou le retard proviennent d&#8217;une cause qui ne peut lui \u00eatre<\/em><em>&nbsp;imput\u00e9e, telle que la force majeure, le cas fortuit \u2026&nbsp;<\/em>\u00bb, peuvent \u00eatre invoqu\u00e9es par le d\u00e9biteur poursuivi pour r\u00e9parer le pr\u00e9judice par lui caus\u00e9 et non, comme en l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, le d\u00e9biteur \u00e0 qui on demande l\u2019ex\u00e9cution (le paiement).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Larbi ABBAS<\/strong>, Enseignant-chercheur, Universit\u00e9 Mundiapolis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexisma.com\/jurisprudence\/maroc\/tribunalCommerceMeknes\/2020\/11-10_8201_2020_723_448\">T. com. Mekn\u00e8s, 10 nov. 2020, d\u00e9c. n\u00b0 448, doss. n\u00b0 8201\/2020\/723<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le tribunal de commerce de Mekn\u00e8s a rendu, le 10 novembre 2020, une d\u00e9cision relative \u00e0 l\u2019incidence, sur un contrat de g\u00e9rance-libre de fonds de commerce, de la d\u00e9cision administrative 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